*SHOW ~ Grass Genera - item descriptions.

*ITEM DESCRIPTIONS

# \i{}Agrostis\i0{} <L.>/
1<\i{}Agraulus\i0{} P. Beauv., \i{}Agrestis\i0{} Bub., \i{}Anomalotis\i0{}
Steud., \i{}Bromidium\i0{} Nees, \i{}Candollea\i0{} Steud.,
\i{}Chaetotropis\i0{} Kunth, \i{}Decandolea\i0{} Batard, \i{}Didymochaeta\i0{}
Steud., \i{}Lachnagrostis\i0{} Trin., \i{}Neoschischkinia\i0{} Tsvelev,
\i{}Notonema\i0{} Raf., \i{}Pentatherum\i0{} Nabelek, \i{}Podagrostis\i0{}
(Griseb.) Scribn., \i{}Senisetum\i0{} Koidz., \i{}Trichodium\i0{} Michaux,
\i{}Vilfa\i0{} Adans.> 2,1/2 3<mostly>,(3-)5-100 4,2 5,2 6,2 7,1 8,0.2-10 11,1
12,2 13,5 14,1/2<e.g., \i{}Bromidium\i0{}> 15,2 16,2 18,- 19,2 26,0.8-4 27,1
28,1 30,1/2 31,1<the hairs less than 0.5 mm long>/2 33,2 34,2 35,2 36,2 37,1/2
38,1 39,1 44,1 45,1-2<usually truncate or emarginate, sometimes toothed via
excurrent veins> 47,1/2/3 48<when present,>,1/3<\i{}Bromidium\i0{}>/5<rarely>
49,2 50,2 51,1-2/3<<2%> rarely> 52,2 53,2 54,3-5 55<nearly always>,1 56,1/2/3
57,1 58,2 59,2 60,3 61,1 62,2 63,1 64,1 66,1 68,2 70,1 73,1/2 74,1 76,1/2 78,1
79,2 80,4 85<about>,220 86,1&2&3&4&5&6 87<Metcalfe 1960; this project>
89<agrostis>

# \i{}Andropogon\i0{} <L.>/
1<\i{}Anatherum\i0{} P. Beauv., \i{}Arthrostachys\i0{} Desv.,
\i{}Arthrolophis\i0{} (Trin.) Chiov., \i{}Dimeiostemon\i0{} Raf.,
\i{}Eriopodium\i0{} Hochst., \i{}Heterochloa\i0{} Desv., \i{}Homoeatherum\i0{}
Nees, \i{}Leptopogon\i0{} Roberty> 2,1/2 3,8-250(-430) 4,2 5,1/2 7,1 9,1/2
11,1-2 12,2 13,2/5<usually with paired or digitate ‘racemes’, these often
spatheate and aggregated into false panicles> 15,1<often>/2 16,1 17,2 18,2 20,1
21,1 22,2 23,1 24,3/4<sometimes reduced to their pedicels> 25<the pedicelled
spikelets male or barren, usually awnless, occasionally suppressed> 27,1/2/3
28,3 29,- 30,2 31,1 33,2 34,2 35,2 36,1/2<G\sub{}2\nosupersub{} sometimes
aristate> 38,1-3 39,2 40,1 41,1 42,2 43,2 44,1 45,2<usually bifid> 47,3 48,1
49,1 50,2 51,2-3 52,2 54,1-3 55,1 56,3<hyaline> 57,1<tiny> 58,1 59,1/2 60,1-3
61,1 62,2 64,1 66,1 68,1 69,3<3 species> 70,2 73,1 74,2 75,1 76,1/2 78,5 79,6
84,5 85<about>,100 86,1&2&3&4 87<Metcalfe 1960; this project> 89<andropog>

# \i{}Anisopogon\i0{} <R.Br.>/
2<oat-like>,2 3,60-110 4,2 6,2 7,2 8,2-3 11,2<the membrane short to relatively
long, hairy on the back> 12,2 13,5 14,1 15,2 16,2 18,- 19,2 26,40-60 27,1 28,1
30,1<the slender prolongation 6-8 mm long, in the palea groove> 31,1<about 6 mm
long, with dense, white hairs> 33,2 34,2<the upper slightly longer> 35,2 36,2
37,2 38,7-9 39,1/2<usually with a single, abortive floret> 40,2 44,1 45,2 47,3
48,3 49,1 50,2 51,3<up to 8 cm long> 52,2<rounded on the back> 53,2 54,3 55,1
56,1<narrow, lanceolate> 57,1 58,2<two ‘stipoid’ and larger, the third smaller
and flimsier> 59,2 60,3 61,2<sparingly so, towards the apex> 62,2/3 63,1 64,2
66,2 67,1/2 68,2 70,1 73,2 74,1 76,2 78,3 82,2 85,1 86,5 87<this project>
89<anisopog>

# \i{}Bambusa\i0{} <Schreber>/
1<\i{}Arundarbor\i0{} Kuntze, \i{}Bonia\i0{} Balansa, \i{}Criciuma\i0{}
Soderstrom & Londoño, \i{}Dendrocalamopsis\i0{} (Chia & Fung) Keng f.,
\i{}Eremocaulon\i0{} Soderstrom & Londoño, \i{}Guadua\i0{} Kunth,
\i{}Ischurochloa\i0{} Büse, \i{}Leleba\i0{} Nakai, \i{}Lingnania\i0{} McClure,
\i{}Tetragonocalamus\i0{} Nakai – cf. Clayton and Renvoize (1986). Soderstrom
and Ellis (1987) refer \i{}Criciuma\i0{}, \i{}Eremocaulon\i0{} and
\i{}Guadua\i0{} to their subtribe Guaduinae, along with \i{}Olmeca\i0{}, and
place \i{}Tetragonocalamus\i0{} in the Arundinariinae, but revised generic
descriptions adequate for the present purpose are not available.> 2,2
3,(200-)500-3500 4,1 5,1 6,2 9,1 11,1-2 12,2 13<of pseudospikelets, these
solitary or in tufts, fascicles or capitula on leafless branches> 14,1 15,1 16,2
19,2 26,10-80 27,1-2 28,1 29,2 30,1 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,1 36,2 37,1 38,7-18 39,2
40,2/3 41,0-3<? – fewer than 4> 42,2 43,2 44,1-20<–‘many’> 45,1 46,2
47,1<usually>/2<\i{}Guadua\i0{}> 52,1-2 54,9-22 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,1 60,6
61,2 62,3<usually?> 66,2 68,2 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,3 76,2 78,2 79,4 81,15
85<about>,120 86,1&2&3&5 87<Metcalfe 1960; this project> 89<bambusa>

# \i{}Chloris\i0{} <O. Swartz>/
1<\i{}Actinochloris\i0{} Steud., \i{}Agrostomia\i0{} Cerv., \i{}Apogon\i0{}
Steud., \i{}Chloridopsis\i0{} Hack., \i{}Chloropsis\i0{} Kuntze,
\i{}Chlorostis\i0{} Raf., \i{}Geopogon\i0{} Steud., \i{}Heterolepis\i0{} Boiss.,
\i{}Leptochloris\i0{} Kuntze, \i{}Phacellaria\i0{} Steud., \i{}Trichloris\i0{}
Benth.> 2,1/2 3,10-300 4,2 6,2 7,1 11,2-3 12,2 13,2<rarely a single raceme> 14,-
15,2 16,2 18,1/2 19,1<on the dorsiventral rachis> 20,2 26,1.8-5.5 27,1 28,1<the
glumes usually persistent> 30,1 31,1<usually minute> 33,2 34,1<divergent>
35<(the longer) usually>,1 36,2 38,1-4 39,2 40,2<at least one of these
conspicuous – the spikelet ‘with two florets’> 44,1<rarely 2> 45,1<truncate>/2
47,3 48,1<usually>/3<<5%>> 49,1/3 50,1 52,1 53,2 54,1-7 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2
60,3 61,1 62,2 63,1/2 64,1 66,1 67,1-3 68,1 69,1<6 species> 70,1 73,1 74,1/2
75,1/2 76,1/2 78,4 83,4 85<about>,55 86,1&2&3&5 87<Metcalfe 1960; this project>
89<chloris>

# \i{}Cynodon\i0{} <Rich.>/
1<\i{}Capriola\i0{} Adans., \i{}Dactilon\i0{} Vill., \i{}Fibichia\i0{} Koel.>
2,2 3,4-60(-100) 4,2 6,2 7,1 10,1 11,2<very short>/3 12,2 13,2 14,- 15,2 16,2
18,1 19,1 20,- 26,1.7-3 27,1 28,1/2 30,1/2<\i{}C. incompletus\i0{}> 31,2 33,2
34,1-2 35,1 36,2 37,1 38,1/1-3 39,1<normally>/2 40<(when present)>,2 44,1 45,1
46,1/2 47,1 52,1 54,1-4 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,3 61,1 62,2 63,2 64,1 66,1
67,3 68,1 69,2<2 species> 70,1 73,1 74,1/2 76,2 78,4 83,4 85,10 86,1&2&3&4&5&6
87<this project> 89<cynodon>

# \i{}Echinochloa\i0{} <P. Beauv.>/
1<\i{}Ornithospermum\i0{} Dumoulin, \i{}Tema\i0{} Adans.> 2,1/2 3,40-360 4,2
5,1/2 6,2 10,1/2 11<when present,>,3 12,2 13,2<the spikelets often hispid> 15,2
16,2 18<paired, or clustered in little secondary racemelets> 19,1 20,- 26,2.3-7
27,3 28,3 30,2 31,2 33,2 34,1 35<(the upper)>,1-2 36,1/2 38,5/7 39,2 40,1 41,1
42,1<<10%> rarely>/2 43,1/2 44,1 45,1 47,1<obtuse to apiculate> 52,2 53,1 54,5
55,1<the tip reflexed> 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,3 61,1 62,2 63,2 64,1 66,1 68,1
69,3<3 species> 70,2 73,1 74,2 75,1 76,1 78,5 79,5 84,2 85,30-40 86,1&2&3&5
87<Metcalfe 1960; this project> 89<echinoch>

# \i{}Eleusine\i0{} <Gaertn.>/
2,1/2<the culms flattened> 3,10-150 4,2 6,2 7,1 11,2 12,2 13,2 14,1/2<sometimes
forming a capitulum> 15,2 16,2 19,1 20,- 26,3.5-11 27,1 28,1/4<\i{}E.
coracana\i0{}> 29,2<except in \i{}E. coracana\i0{}> 30,1 31,2 33,2 34,1 35,1
36,2 37,1 38,3-5(-7) 39,1/2 40,2 44,3-15 45,1 46,1/2 47,1-2 52,1 54,3 55,1 57,1
58,1/2 59,2 60,3 61,1 62,2 63,1/3 64,1<0.9-2 mm long> 65,1 66,1 67,1 68,1 69,2<2
species> 70,1 73,1 74,1 76,2 78,4 83,4 85,9 86,1&2&3&4&6 87<Metcalfe 1960; this
project> 89<eleusine>

# \i{}Festuca\i0{} <L.>/
1<\i{}Amphigenes\i0{} Janka, \i{}Anatherum\i0{} Nabelek, \i{}Argillochloa\i0{}
Weber, \i{}Bucetum\i0{} Parnell, \i{}Drymochloa\i0{} Holub, \i{}Drymonaetes\i0{}
Fourr., \i{}Festucaria\i0{} Fabric., \i{}Gnomonia\i0{} Lunell, \i{}Gramen\i0{}
Krause, \i{}Hellerochloa\i0{} Rauschert, \i{}Leiopoa\i0{} Ohwi,
\i{}Lojaconoa\i0{} Gand., \i{}Nabelekia\i0{} Roshev., \i{}Wasatchia\i0{} M. E.
Jones> 2,2 3,2-200 4,2 5,2 6,2 7,1-2 8,0.2-15 11,1<sometimes ciliolate>
12,2<\i{}Leucopoa\i0{} being excluded> 13,5 14,1<usually>/2<<15%> rarely> 15,2
16,2 18,- 19,2 26,3-20 27,1 28,1 29,2 30,1 31,2 33,2 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,1-2
38,(1-)3-5 39,2 40,2 44,2-14<rarely 1> 45,1/2 46<when entire>,1/2 47,1/2/3
48<when present,>,1 49,1/3 50,1 51,1<usually>/2<sometimes, rarely somewhat
longer> 52,2 54,3-7 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,2 59,1/2 60,3 61,1/2 62,2 63,1 64,1/2/3
66,2<usually about as long as the grain, but sometimes elliptical and only half
as long> 68,2 70,1 73,1/2 74,1 76,1/2 78,1 79,2 80,7 85,360<or more>
86,1&2&3&4&5&6 87<Metcalfe 1960; this project; Aiken \i{}et al.\i0{} 1985>
89<festuca>

# \i{}Oryza\i0{} <L.>/
1<\i{}Padia\i0{} Moritzi> 2,1/2 3,30-300 4,2 6,2 7,1-2 9,1/2 11,1 12,2 13,5<axes
usually wavy, the spikelets appressed>/2<the primary branches often reduced to
racemes> 14,1 15,2 16,2 18,- 19,2 26,4-12 27<strongly>,1 28,1<i.e. above the
pedicel cup representing them>/- 30,2 31,2 32,1-2<represented only by a small
2-lobed cupule> 33<if present,>,2 34,2 35,1 36,2 38,0 39,2 40,1 41,2<small,
vestigial, no more than half the spikelet length, sometimes only bristles> 42,2
43,2 44,1 45,1 46,1 47,1/2/3 48<when present,>,1 49,3 50,1 51,1-3 52<strongly>,1
54,3-9 55,1 56,1<but narrower than the lemma> 57,1 58,2<but the membranous
flange may be narrow> 59,2 60,6 61,1 62,2 64,1/2/3 66,2 68,2 70,1 71,1 72,2 73,1
74,3 76,2 78,2 79,3 81,1 85,25 86,1&2&3 87<Metcalfe 1960; this project>
89<oryza>

# \i{}Panicum\i0{} <L.>/
1<\i{}Chasea\i0{} Nieuw., \i{}Coleataenia\i0{} Griseb., \i{}Dileucaden\i0{}
(Raf.) Steud., \i{}Eatonia\i0{} Raf., \i{}Eriolytrum\i0{} Kunth, \i{}Milium\i0{}
Adans., \i{}Monachne\i0{} P. Beauv., \i{}Phanopyrum\i0{} (Raf.) Nash,
\i{}Polyneura\i0{} Peter, \i{}Psilochloa\i0{} Launert, \i{}Setiacis\i0{} S.L.
Chen and Y.X. Jin (? – original description inadequate)> 2,1/2<but no
overwintering rosette – by contrast with \i{}Dichanthelium\i0{}> 3,20-400 4,1/2
5,1/2 6,1/2 9,1<<2%> rarely>/2 11,1/2-3 12,2 13,5<except in the
\i{}Stolonifera\i0{} group, where it consists of racemes and the distinction
from \i{}Brachiaria\i0{} breaks down> 14,1/2 15,2 16,2 18,- 19,2<except the
American Agrostoidea group, ‘\i{}Psilochloa\i0{}’, etc.> 26,1.4-6 27,3<with very
few exceptions: e.g. \i{}P. hemitomum\i0{}> 28,3/4 30,2<very rarely prolonged,
e.g. occasionally in \i{}P. heliophilum\i0{}: Zuloaga and Morone 1991> 31,2 33,2
34<nearly always>,1 35<(the longer)>,2 36<nearly always>,2<the
G\sub{}2\nosupersub{} truncate to pointed, very rarely shortly awn-tipped>
38,3-9 39<nearly always>,2 40,1 41,1<rarely 2> 42,1/2 43,2 44,1 45,1 46,1/2
47,1<rarely minutely apiculate> 52,2 53,1 54,3-11 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,2 60,3
61,1 62,2 63,2 64,1 66,1<linear in (e.g.) \i{}P. glutinosum\i0{}, \i{}P.
macranthum\i0{}, \i{}P. pilgerianum\i0{} = \i{}Psilochloa\i0{}> 68,1/2 69,1<5
species>/2<14 species>/3<4 species> 70<when biochemically
tested,>,1<C\sub{}3\nosupersub{}, or C\sub{}4\nosupersub{} NAD-ME or
PCK>/2<NADP-ME> 73,1/2 74,1/2 75,1/2 76,1/2<rarely> 78,5 79,5 84,2 85<about>,370
86,1&2&3&5&6 87<mainly Metcalfe 1960 and this project> 89<panicum>

# \i{}Phragmites\i0{} <Adans.>/
1<\i{}Czernya\i0{} Presl, \i{}Miphragtes\i0{} Nieuwland, \i{}Oxyanthe\i0{}
Steud., \i{}Trichoon\i0{} Roth, \i{}Xenochloa\i0{} Roem. & Schult.> 2,2
3,60-400<–1000 cm> 4,1-2<often somewhat persistent> 5,1<especially when main
culm damaged>/2 6,2 7,2-3 8,6-50 9,2 11,3 12,2 13,5 14,1<20-60 cm long, plumose,
the fertile lemmas surrounded by long white silky hairs> 15,2 16,2 18,- 19,2
26,9-16 27,1 28,1<at least above the L\sub{}1\nosupersub{}> 29,2 30,1 31,1<with
long fine silky hairs> 33,2 34,1 35,1 36,2 37,2<rounded on the back> 38,3-5 39,2
40,3 41,1 42,1<the stamens often 2>/2 43,2 44,(2-)3-10 45,1 46,1<acute to
acuminate or aristulate> 47,1/3<narrow-attenuate, muticous to aristulate> 48<(if
lemmas aristulate)>,1 49,3 50,1 51,1 52,2 54,1-3 55,1 56,2 57,1 58,1 59,1/2 60,3
61,1 62,2 63,3 64,1 66,1 68,2 70,1 71,1 73,1 74,2 76,2 78,3 82,5 85,3
86,1&2&3&5&6 87<Metcalfe 1960; this project> 89<phragmit>

# \i{}Poa\i0{} <L.>/
1<\i{}Arctopoa\i0{} (Griseb.) Probat., \i{}Neuropoa\i0{} Clayton,
\i{}Oreopoa\i0{} Grand., \i{}Paneion\i0{} Lunell, \i{}Parodiochloa\i0{} C.E.
Hubb., \i{}Poagrostis\i0{} Raf.> 2,1/2 3,(1-)4-150 4,2 5,2 7,1/2<often ending in
a boat-shaped tip> 8,0.2-12<rarely wider> 11,1/2<<10%> rarely> 12,2<<95%>>/3<or
gynodioecious, in subgenus \i{}Andinae\i0{}> 13,5 14,1/2 15,2 16,2 18,- 19,2
26,2-11 27,1 28,1 29,2 30,1 31,1/2 33,2 34,2/1-2<nearly always ‘subequal’, with
the G\sub{}1\nosupersub{} somewhat shorter> 35,1 36,2 37,1 38,(1-)3(-5) 39,1/2
40,2 44,(1-)2-13(-15)<the one-floreted species very unusual, perhaps restricted
to Malesia> 45<nearly always>,1<very rarely tridenticulate> 46,1 47,1/2<2–3 mm
terminal ‘awns’ in a very few species, e.g. in the southern South American
\i{}P. flabellata\i0{}> 52,1 53,2 54,(3-)5/7-11<<2%> rarely, e.g. in the
Australian \i{}Neuropoa\i0{}> 55,1 56,1/2 57,1 58,2 59<nearly
always>,2<occasionally ciliolate> 60,3 61,1 62,2 63,1 64,1 66,1 68,2 70,1 73,1
74,1 76,1/2 78,1 79,2 80,7 85<about>,500 86,1&2&3&5&6 87<mainly Metcalfe 1960;
this project> 89<poa>

# \i{}Zea\i0{} <L.>/
1<\i{}Mays\i0{} Miller, \i{}Mayzea\i0{} Raf., \i{}Reana\i0{} Brignoli,
\i{}Thalysia\i0{} Kuntze. = \i{}Zea mays\i0{} subsp. \i{}mays\i0{}> 2<robust>,1
3,200-450 4,2 6,2 11,2 12,1 13,-<peculiar: the female axillary, comprising a
stout, spicate spadix with spikelets in few to several longitudinal rows,
terminating in a tuft of long pendulous styles (‘silks’); the male spikelets in
terminal panicles of spiciform ‘tassels’> 14,- 15,2 16,2 18,2 19,2
20,1<male>/2<female> 25<male spikelets in pairs, two-flowered, with many-nerved,
membranous glumes. Lemmas and paleas hyaline, the florets with three stamens and
two cuneate lodicules> 27,2-3 28,4 30,2 31,2 33,2 34,2 35,2 36,2 37,- 38,0 39,2
40,1 41,1 42,2 43,2 44,1 47,1 52,2 54,3 55,1 56,1 57,2 60,0 61,1 62,2<at tip of
style> 63,1-2<or green> 64,2 66,1 68,1 69,3 70,2 73,1 74,2 75,1 76,1 77,1 78,5
79,6 84,6 85,1 86,3 87<Metcalfe 1960; this project> 89<zea>